> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.invoca.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Formula Operators

> Formula operators apply if/then/else conditions in Invoca formulas, returning true, false, or a predetermined value.

Formula operators let you apply `if`/`then`/`else` conditions in your formulas. Use operators in your formulas so they return true, false, or a predetermined value.

## Formula operators

| Operator           | Description                                                                                                            | Example                                      |
| :----------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------- |
| `and`              | Returns `true` when both conditions are `true`, otherwise `false`. Not available for row-level security (RLS) formulas | `(1 = 1) and (3 > 2) = true`                 |
| `if...then...else` | Conditional operator. Allows multiple clauses                                                                          | `if (cost > 500) then 'flag' else 'approve'` |
| `ifnull`           | Returns the first value if it isn't `null`, otherwise the second value                                                 | `ifnull (cost, 'unknown')`                   |
| `in`               | Takes a column name and a list of values; returns `true` if the column value matches one of the values                 | `state in { 'texas' , 'california' }`        |
| `isnull`           | Returns `true` if the value is `null`                                                                                  | `isnull (phone)`                             |
| `not`              | Returns `true` if the condition is `false`, otherwise `false`                                                          | `not (3 > 2) = false`                        |
| `not in`           | Takes a column name and a list of values; returns `true` if the column value doesn't match any of them                 | `state not in { 'texas', 'california' }`     |
| `or`               | Returns `true` when either condition is `true`, otherwise `false`                                                      | `(1 = 5) or (3 > 2) = true`                  |

## Calculate the conditional sum

Calculating the conditional sum is useful when you want to see, for example, the total revenue for a product by region.

Conditional sum formulas follow this syntax: `if (some condition) then (Measure) else 0`. You can also use a `sum_if` formula, for example:

```text theme={null}
if ( product = shoes ) then revenue else 0
```

The following example shows how to figure out the number of customers who bought both products — in this case an iPad and a Galaxy tablet — and then the revenue generated by both:

1. Create the formula:
   ```text theme={null}
   ipadcount = sum ( if ( product = 'ipad' ) then 1 else 0 ) > 0
   ```
   This gives you the number of iPads that were bought.
2. Create another formula:
   ```text theme={null}
   galaxycount = sum ( if ( product = 'galaxy' ) then 1 else 0 ) > 0
   ```
   This gives you the number of Galaxy tablets that were bought.
3. Using [nested formulas](/s/article/nested-formulas), combine these two formulas:
   ```text theme={null}
   f1 = ipadcount + galaxycount
   ```
4. Search using the `f1` formula to find the revenue generated by both products.

## Where to go next

* [Formula function reference](/s/article/formula-function-reference)
* [Nested formulas](/s/article/nested-formulas)